Hot Art was released exclusively in Canada September 2011 and has already become the global reference point for Art related crime.
Due for release in the United States of America/Europe next March, 2012, Hot Art is already the main source for art related crime discussions worldwide and the first port of call for anyone wanting to write about, talk about or even think about art related crime.
Details here: http://www.amazon.ca/Hot-Art-Joshua-Knelman/dp/1553658914
The fine art of robbery
With financial institutions dried up, the pilfering of art and antiquities has developed into a $7-billion-a-year industry, creating a new generation of cops and robbers
http://www.vancouversun.com/news/fine+robbery/5807362/story.html
When Paul Brachfeld heard about the heist of historic documents in Baltimore this summer, the National Archives' inspector general acted quickly.
First, he checked his records to see if the suspects - Barry Landau, a well-known collector, and his young friend, former Vancouver resident Jason Savedoff - had visited his facilities. They had.
Next, he reached out to federal investigators and offered the services of his in-house investigative group. The Archival Recovery Team - ART, for short - is now sorting through more than 10,000 items removed from Landau's Manhattan apartment. Their discoveries so far include treasures that trace back to Napoleon, Newton and Beethoven.
"The vast preponderance of those are not necessarily from my institution," Brachfeld said. "But if not me and my office, who would do this work?"
Brachfeld's full-time team, made up of four to five people, is one of just a few investigative groups in the United States that focus on the recovery of cultural property.
America is the largest consumer of artwork in the world, with a 40-per-cent share of the $200-billion global industry. It's also the scene of nearly half of the illegal art trade, estimated to be worth another $7 billion a year worldwide. According to the FBI, cases can drag on for years with upwards of 90 per cent never solved.
Art theft is roughly as old as art itself, going back millennia to the looters and opportunists who robbed castles and tombs. The Bible describes such thefts, as do the history books, which note plunderings by Vikings, Nazis and those who raided Iraq's National Museum after U.S.-led forces took Baghdad in 2003.
Today, pilfering art and antiquities is the new bank robbery, according to Robert Goldman, a former federal prosecutor and history major who specializes in cultural property cases.
"We all know banks have no money any more," Goldman said. "People watch Antiques Roadshow and Pawn Stars and all these other shows that are on cable, and everybody now believes that there's incredible value in old stuff."
That's made thieves out of all sorts of people, industry analysts said, from electrical contractors to garden-variety burglars who hit up a pizza joint one night and an archive the next.
"It's very easy sometimes to steal art; you just have to be brazen enough to do it," said Derek Fincham, a professor at the South Texas College of Law and the academic director of the Association for Research into Crimes against Art.
Over the years, the Mona Lisa has been stolen, along with a lock of George Washington's hair, Andrew Hamilton's snuff box and a presidential portrait from the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum, to name a few. Closer to home, 11 original Canadian works of art, including three paintings by members of the Group of Seven, were stolen from a Toronto gallery in July.
Landau, 63, and Savedoff, 24, were indicted in July on federal charges alleging they stole dozens of historic texts signed by American presidents and visionaries from three archives in Maryland and New York.
But prosecutors claimed in court hearings that the scheme was much larger, spanning many years and involving thou-sands of items taken from at least a dozen locations on both sides of the Atlantic, mostly by Landau.
Savedoff - a graduate of St. George's private school, who lived in Kitsilano with his father until last year - pleaded guilty in October to his role in the scheme.
He acknowledged in a lengthy statement of facts that he and Landau conspired "to steal and obtain by fraud objects of cultural heritage from numerous museums" between December 2010 and July 2011, when they were arrested in Maryland.
Savedoff identified high-value historic collections and posed as a researcher alongside Landau when they visited the various libraries that housed them, sometimes bearing cookies or cupcakes for employees. They slipped stolen documents inside coats that had been modified with extra-deep pockets, according to Savedoff's plea agreement, and they "collected the card catalog entries" and other museum identifiers to hide the thefts.
Savedoff could receive up to 15 years in prison and fines of up to $500,000 at his sentencing, scheduled for Feb. 10.
The charges shocked the art and antiques world, which knew Landau as a popular collector of presidential memorabilia, and they have drawn international media attention.
Art thefts make for good headlines and movie characters - à la The Thomas Crown Affair - but they usually don't get much notice from traditional law enforcement, Fincham said, in large part because they're property crimes: "the lowest on the enforcement-allocation ladder."
"I don't think law enforcement has caught up to the idea that there's a difference between presidential documents and jewelry or your car," Fincham said. "You want to preserve these objects and this historical record for future generations."
While the U.S. is home to nearly half the illegal trade, other countries pay far more attention to art fraud. Italy has several hundred detectives on its Carabinieri Art Squad, for example, while Greece, France, Germany and Belgium all have national units working the detail.
In contrast, the FBI's Art Crime Team is made up of one archeologist and 13 agents, who work the beat on the side. The Los Angeles Police Department's Art Theft Detail consists of just one investigator.
In Canada, the national art crime enforcement unit was founded in September 2008 by the RCMP and the Quebec provincial police, following a fouryear partnership between Quebec and Montreal police. Now comprised of four officers, the unit investigates an average 90 cases a year.
Most cases receive little publicity. Others are different.
That explains Brachfeld's quick reaction to the Baltimore theft. He knew that a hot case like Landau's presented the perfect public relations opportunity - a chance to remind the bosses who write the budgets that the work matters.
PR CAMPAIGN HELPED
Brachfeld left the Federal Communications Commission, where he oversaw audits, to join the National Archives and Records Administration as its inspector general at the end of 1999.
He came into a "weak, little" office, he said, with no real capacity to track thefts from any of the agency's 44 facilities nationwide.
"We just were, I think, as an institution comfortably numb and blindly indifferent to the threat."
He focused initially on improving internal controls and security. His first big investigation came in 2002 after discovering that an NARA employee in Philadelphia had pocketed presidential pardons and autographed photos of the Apollo astronauts, among other items, and was trying to sell them.
Outraged, Brachfeld pushed for a full prosecution. He drove to Philadelphia to try to convince the U.S. attorneys that the case was worthwhile, even though it didn't involve violent crime, drugs or terrorism.
"I said basically ... 'Think how much attention you're going to get it if you have a news conference. These names, these iconic names, you're going to get on TV,' and it worked," Brachfeld said. "I basically did a PR campaign. I pushed, I pushed, I pushed."
He developed the ART program in a similar manner, he said - "the same way I got a puppy when I was a kid" - complaining and cajoling until the opposition relented. He also vowed to supervisors that he wouldn't allow that type of crime to happen at the august institution. "And if I didn't get the resources from the agency," he said, "then I was going to go to the Hill."
His team spent $50,000 recently to investigate an employee who admitted stealing $30,000 worth of recordings - including one of Babe Ruth on a hunting trip - and selling them on eBay. The cost was boosted by the required appraisals, storage needs and travel to recover items the employee had sold, according to court records.
"We don't put monetary value" on our items, Brachfeld said. "Once it's in our institution, it's our job to protect it. Something that looks to me like a scrap of nothing, to some researcher could be the hidden gem."
ART typically focuses on crimes against the archives, but took over the Landau sorting because members had the capability and the interest.
The documents - one of the largest volumes of stolen artifacts ever recovered - require certain handling and temperature controls, as well as professionals who know where they might have come from, Brachfeld said.
The group was about 20 per cent through the process last month, alerting victims and developing intelligence for the Maryland U.S. Attorney's Office, which is prosecuting the case in Baltimore.
"Our No. 1 goal has been reached," Brachfeld said, "which is to preserve and protect these records."
The case is being watched by others in the field.
ART THIEF OPPORTUNISTS
On the U.S. West Coast, Det. Don Hrycyk, of the Los Angeles Police Department's Art Theft Detail, calls it a "nightmare."
"It's hard enough for museums and special collections to guard against the dangerous stranger," he said - much less the respected collector.
Hrycyk is a 37-year force veteran who joined the newly formed Art Theft Detail in the mid-1980s after he got "tired of dealing with dead bodies." He was a homicide detective at a time when the homicide rate was sky-high, and he was ready for a change when the detail was developed.
It grew out of a centralized burglary unit that typically dealt with auto thefts but had discovered a pattern of artrelated crimes and fraud in the city.
Hrycyk has handled dinosaur eggs and Hollywood props.
"Anything that you might find in a museum," he said. "It's not the same old thing ... you never know what you're going to be investigating and also you run into interesting characters."
There was the Harvard professor who "suddenly got into art fraud" on a whim; the farmer who once conned a professor out of a bookcase full of Tibetan art; and the crime ring that boldly sold its booty on a cable-TV channel, auction style.
"A lot of these people are opportunists who really didn't plan to steal art," Hrycyk said. But they found an opportunity, and "the bug caught them."
The bug caught him as well. At 61, he's been thinking for a while about retiring but can't bring himself to leave because he's not sure the city-based detail would survive without him. He's the last person in it, and a hiring freeze has prevented him from filling a second position.
"I'd like to find somebody to train and take my place before I leave here, because there's not a school for this stuff," he said. "It's a minimum of three years to try to mentor somebody."
Robert Wittman, who helped develop the FBI's Art Crime Team and now owns a private art recovery company outside Philadelphia, said the work requires specific skills.
"They are not like most property crime investigations," he said. Investigators must tread lightly and know the way the art world operates to recover items before they're taken underground or destroyed.
FBI HAS ART THEFT SQUAD
Wittman, who was born in Japan but raised in Baltimore, knows the vulnerabilities of the art business. His American father ran Wittman's Oriental Gallery on Baltimore's Howard Street, stocking the shop with hundreds of intricate pieces from his Japanese wife's culture.
The younger Wittman inherited his father's interest and took it with him into the FBI as an agent in Philadelphia.
One of his first cases involved a Chinese crystal ball stolen from the Pennsylvania Museum. He teamed up with the like-minded prosecutor Goldman in Philly, and they formed their own art crime team well before the FBI formalized a unit years later.
"We were doing this work before it was sexy," said Goldman, who's now in private practice in Pennsylvania.
They bent the laws to fit the crimes they discovered, applying mail fraud statutes and environmental protections to their creative prosecutions.
In 1998, after discovering an electrical contractor's home museum full of items from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, they became the first to use a Theft of Major Art law, which made it a federal offence to steal from a library or museum.
In 1999, they used the Bald Eagle Protection Act to prosecute a man who tried to sell a war bonnet that had belonged to Geronimo.
And in 2001 and 2002, they won mail-and wire-fraud convictions against two former Antiques Roadshow experts who staged phoney appraisals on the show, sometimes lowballing property and then buying it.
"We found that if you did these cases, and got good press, then the managers would let us continue," said Wittman.
He tried to stay out of the spotlight to protect the undercover work he did in countries around the world as Bob Clay, posing as an art broker, collector, expert or buyer.
Between 1997 and 2004, he and Goldman racked up a dozen significant recoveries, including a rare copy of the Bill of Rights, a Norman Rockwell painting and a Civil War sword that belonged to the U.S. Naval Academy. They used those cases to propose an Art Crime Team to the FBI, which launched the program at the end of 2004.
Today, the group is made up of 13 agents - who do the work part time, in addition to their other duties - and archeologist Bonnie Magness-Gardiner, who oversees the operation.
Three federal prosecutors are assigned to handle their cases.
Most of the agents get on the team because they have an interest in art and antiques, Magness-Gardiner said, though there's quite a bit of turnover.
Wittman, who has been gone three years, says that's because it's not a career-making gig.
"It's not the type of job where you're going to become a manager; you don't get raised up because it's low priority," he said.
He says he was the bureau's first and only full-time art investigator, both before and after the development of the Art Crime Team.
"I wasn't so interested all the time in catching somebody," Wittman said. "I was more interested in recovering the art. It always seemed more important to recover it and have it for our children than it was to catch some guy and have [him get] three years in prison."
Both he and his former partner worry that few people feel as they do, however.
"Not being there any more, my concern is that this isn't just a passing fancy by the federal government, that they continue to give these crimes the attention" they need, said Goldman. "The loss to civilization and the loss to our cultural heritage" is significant, he said.
"The best prosecutors and the best agents in these cases are the people that get it."
Baltimore Sun, with files from The Vancouver Sun
CULTURAL PROPERTY PROTECTORS
In the United States:
Art Crime Team (FBI): 13 agents work part time to recover lost and fraudulent cultural works. More than 2,600 items worth $142 million have been recovered since 2004.
Art Recovery Team (National Archives and Records Administration): Four-to five-person group within the inspector-general's office focused on theft and fraud within the National Archives' 44 facilities.
Art Theft Detail, (LAPD): A one-man unit focused on cultural property fraud in Los Angeles, it has recovered more than $80 million worth of items since 1993.
Cultural Property Crimes Program (U.S. National Central Bureau of Interpol): Publishes international theft notices making it harder to trade goods. Interpol also publishes a quarterly Stolen Works of Art Database bulletin and a biannual poster of the top-10 missing items.
Cultural Property, Art and Antiquities program (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement): Repatriates stolen items across borders, returning more than 2,500 items to 21 countries since 2007, when it ramped up agent training.
In Canada:
Art Crime Enforcement Unit: Based in Montreal, it was founded in September 2008 as a partnership between the RCMP and Quebec provincial police, with four officers. It replaced a unit created by Quebec police and Montreal police forces that between 2004 and 2008 investigated 450 art crimes, made 20 arrests and seized more than 150 stolen or forged artworks valued at $2 million.
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